: [Python]? 1 2 3 4 5 6 {"Floatx": "float32", "Epsilon": 1e-07, "backend": "TensorFlow", "Image_data_form At ":" Channels_last "}Note that the parameter image_data_format is channels_last, which means that the back end is TensorFlow. Because, in the TensorFlow image storage Way is [height, width, channels], but in Theano is completely different, namely [channels, height, width]. Therefore, if you do not set this parameter correctly, then the intermediate result of your model will be very strange
= Train (d[0), d[1]) p Rint (Final model:) Print (W.get_value ()) print (B.get_value ()) print ("target values for D:") print ("d[1]" Prediction on D: ") print (Predict (d[0))
We found that building a model using Theano typically requires the following steps:
0) Preprocessing data
# Generate a dataset:d = (input_values, target_class)
1) Define Variables
# Declare Theano Symbolic variables
2) Building (diagram) model
# construct Theano Expression graph
3) compiling model, th
First, Keras introduction
Keras is a high-level neural network API written in Python that can be run TensorFlow, CNTK, or Theano as a backend. Keras's development focus is on support for fast experimentation. The key to doing research is to be able to convert your ideas into experimental results with minimal delay.
If you have the following requirements, please select K
Have to say, the depth of learning framework update too fast, especially to the Keras2.0 version, fast to Keras Chinese version is a lot of wrong, fast to the official document also has the old did not update, the anterior pit too much.To the dispatch, there have been THEANO/TENSORFLOW/CNTK support Keras, although said TensorFlow a lot of momentum, but I think the next
article. These include features that require Keras, as well as data loading from pandas and data preparation and model evaluation from Scikit-learn.
Import numpy
Import pandas from
keras.models import sequential from
keras.layers import dense
from Keras.wrappers.scikit_learn import kerasclassifier from
keras.utils import np_utils from
sklearn.model_ Selection import Cross_val_score from
sklearn.model_sele
Python Keras module 'keras. backend' has no attribute 'image _ data_format ', keraskeras. backendProblem:
When the sample program mnist_cnn is run using Keras, the following error occurs: 'keras. backend' has no attribute 'image _ data_format'
Program path https://github.com/fchollet/
, Theano and Caffe use this pattern.b) tf mode or Channels_last mode, TensorFlow use this mode.
The following examples illustrate the difference between the two modes:For 100 RGB3 channels of 16x32 (height 16 width to 32) color map,Th expression mode: (100,3,16,32)TF representation: (100,16,32,3)The only difference is that the position of the channel number 3 is different.
4) Model
There are two types of keras models,
Random initialization of embedding
from keras.models import Sequentialfrom keras.layers import Embeddingimport numpy as npmodel = Sequential()model.add(Embedding(1000, 64, input_length=10))# the model will take as input an integer matrix of size (batch, input_length).# the largest integer (i.e. word index) in the input should be no larger than 999 (vocabulary size).# now model.output_shape == (None, 10, 64), where None is the batch dimension.input_arr
Keras provides many common, prepared layer objects, such as the common convolution layer, the pool layer, and so on, which we can call directly through the following code:
# Call a conv2d layer
from Keras import layers
conv2d = Keras.layers.convolutional.Conv2D (filters,\ kernel_size
, \
strides= (1, 1), \
padding= ' valid ', \
...)
However, in practical applications, we often need to build some layer obje
version. Second, Keras use the tutorial below a simple example, more examples can oneself to the official website of the document tutorial to see, the official website gave a very detailed tutorial, unlike Caffe documents so few. Take a look at the following example, loosely constructing the CNN model. Keras provides us with two network models. 1, one is the CNN comparison commonly used
effect prediction class
Put the trainer class code first, and define the network here. The most important one is just as important as the data format (haha, the data format is very important, in this program)
Import SQL Injection Dataimport numpy as npimport kerasfrom keras. models import Sequentialfrom keras. layers import Dense, Dropout, Activationfrom keras.
,... | class_8| 2.0| [ -0.2535060296260...| | [0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,... | class_7| 5.0| [ -0.2535060296260...| +--------------------+--------+--------------+--------------------+ only showing top rows
Keras Deep Learning model
Now so we have a data frame with processed features and labels, let ' s define a deep neural net so we can use to addres s the classification problem. Chances are you came this because you know a thing or two
...| | [0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,... | class_3| 3.0| [ -0.2535060296260...| | [0.0,0.0,4.0,0.0,... | class_8| 2.0| [ -0.2535060296260...| | [0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,... | class_7| 5.0| [ -0.2535060296260...| +--------------------+--------+--------------+--------------------+ only showing top rows
Keras Deep Learning model
Now, we had a data frame with processed features and labels, let's define a deep neural net the We can use to addr
Keras.
I only trained 2 epochs, so I recorded only two values. The graph is as follows
↓ histogram, used to statistic the distribution of parameters
Import Keras from
keras.datasets import mnist from
keras.models import sequential from
keras.layers import Dense, dropout, Flatten from
keras.layers import conv2d, maxpooling2d from
thisstack up the matrix, okay? This time we really did not give it an alias, called the 4-order tensor, do not try to imagine what the 4-order tensor is, it is a mathematical concept. ' th ' and ' tf '
The ' th ' mode , also known as the Theano mode, will represent 100 RGB three-channel 16x32 (up to 16 wide by 32) as the color graph represented in this form (100,3,16,32), and Caffe takes this way. The No. 0 dimension is a sample dimension, representing the number of samples, and the 1th dimensi
The content of a simple experiment lesson.First, the size of the given sample material is 32*32, which can be done in Python batch and OpenCV function resize (), where I do not list the code.List some of the pictures that are well-shrunk.Then in the use of Keras CV convolutional neural network model, before doing this experiment, the computer should be configured Python+theano+keras environment.#生成一个modelde
(Optimizer=Adam, loss.='MSE',)
3. ClassificationThe data is Keras with MNIST, which is divided into training sets and test sets. X is a picture, Y is the corresponding label for each picture, which is the number.Simply introduce the relevant modules:
Models. Sequential, used to build a layer of layers of nerve layer;
Layers. Dense means that the nerve layer is a fully connected layer.
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